11/29/2023 0 Comments Fuck you transformice map![]() ![]() Mechanotransduction appears to be present in almost all interactions between a given cell and its environment, including immune cells.įor T lymphocytes, the initiation of an adaptive immune response necessitates the interaction of naive T cells with antigen presenting cells (APCs). Indeed, the last few decades of research have confirmed that cells do sense the mechanical forces arising from their environment they actively respond to them through mechanically driven biological actions, such as adhesion, migration, division, differentiation, and even apoptosis - a process termed mechanotransduction ( 4). However, as cells live in a physical world, the mechanical aspect of such interactions cannot be neglected. A wealth of cell biology reports has documented the biochemical aspect of these interactions, identifying the networks of secreted ligands, cell surface receptors, intracellular signaling pathways, and transcriptional factors at play. The adult human body has approximately 10 13 cells, and its fate, in terms of tissue and organ development and homeostasis, depends on how well these cells interact with one another and with their environment (see, for example ( 1– 4) and references therein). Here, we present an overview of TFM, the precautions and pitfalls, and the most recent developments in the context of T cell immunology. This technique has recently become a center of interest for many groups in the “ImmunoBiophysics” community and, as a consequence, has been subjected to refinements for its application to immune cells. ![]() Here, we focus on traction force microscopy (TFM), in which a deformable substrate, coated with the appropriate molecules, acts as a force sensor on the cellular scale. As such, many techniques have been developed and used to measure the forces felt/exerted by these small, solitary and extremely reactive cells to decipher their influence on diverse T cell functions, primarily activation. T lymphocytes use such mechano-sensitivity to decipher signals when recognizing cognate antigens presented on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs), a critical process in the adaptive immune response. Whether it is externally applied, or internally generated, cells use force to modulate their various actions, from adhesion and migration to differentiation and immune function. 3Turing Center for Living Systems (CENTURI), Marseille, Franceįor more than a couple of decades now, “force” has been recognized as an important physical parameter that cells employ to adapt to their microenvironment.2Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.1Laboratory Adhesion Inflammation (LAI), INSERM, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.Farah Mustapha 1,2,3 Kheya Sengupta 2,3* Pierre-Henri Puech 1,3* ![]()
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